Gene description for LDLR
Gene name low density lipoprotein receptor
Gene symbol LDLR
Other names/aliases FH
FHC
LDLCQ2
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - LDLR
ExoCarta ExoCarta_3949
Entrez Gene 3949
HGNC 6547
MIM 606945
UniProt P01130  
 LDLR identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells 26054723    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Prostate cancer cells 25844599    
Prostate cancer cells 25844599    
 Gene ontology annotations for LDLR
Molecular Function
    glycoprotein binding GO:0001948 IPI
    clathrin heavy chain binding GO:0032050 TAS
    low-density lipoprotein receptor activity GO:0005041 IDA
    low-density lipoprotein particle binding GO:0030169 IEA
    calcium ion binding GO:0005509 IEA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity GO:0030229 IDA
Biological Process
    cholesterol metabolic process GO:0008203 IEA
    viral process GO:0016032 IEA
    cholesterol homeostasis GO:0042632 IMP
    small molecule metabolic process GO:0044281 TAS
    positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process GO:0010867 ISS
    intestinal cholesterol absorption GO:0030299 IMP
    retinoid metabolic process GO:0001523 TAS
    lipid metabolic process GO:0006629 TAS
    cholesterol import GO:0070508 ISS
    low-density lipoprotein particle clearance GO:0034383 IMP
    regulation of cholesterol homeostasis GO:2000188 IEA
    lipoprotein metabolic process GO:0042157 TAS
    phospholipid transport GO:0015914 ISS
    phototransduction, visible light GO:0007603 TAS
    regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process GO:0010899 ISS
    lipoprotein catabolic process GO:0042159 IEA
    cholesterol transport GO:0030301 IMP
    endocytosis GO:0006897 TAS
    receptor-mediated endocytosis GO:0006898 TAS
Subcellular Localization
    clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane GO:0030669 TAS
    late endosome GO:0005770 IDA
    early endosome GO:0005769 IDA
    integral component of plasma membrane GO:0005887 TAS
    lysosome GO:0005764 IDA
    endosome membrane GO:0010008 TAS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    external side of plasma membrane GO:0009897 IDA
    apical part of cell GO:0045177 ISS
    coated pit GO:0005905 IDA
    cell surface GO:0009986 IDA
    membrane GO:0016020 IDA
    receptor complex GO:0043235 IDA
    low-density lipoprotein particle GO:0034362 IEA
    Golgi apparatus GO:0005794 IDA
    basolateral plasma membrane GO:0016323 ISS
 Experiment description of studies that identified LDLR in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 207
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
✔
VDAC
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DKO-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 208
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
✔
VDAC
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name Dks-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 209
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
✔
VDAC
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DLD-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 235
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✔
HSP90B1
EV Negative markers
✔
qNano
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Sample name HKCI-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RT-PCR
RNA Sequencing
5
Experiment ID 211
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
✔
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 212
ISEV standards
✔
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
✔
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 275
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|RAB5A
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD9|CD82|CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
✔
AIF
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25844599    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel.
Authors Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullen A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T.
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name DU145 - Docetaxel sensitive
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry/Flow cytometry/Western blotting
8
Experiment ID 274
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|RAB5A
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD9|CD82|CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
✔
AIF
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25844599    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel.
Authors Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullen A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T.
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name DU145 - Docetaxel resistant
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.18 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Flow cytometry
Western blotting
 Protein-protein interactions for LDLR
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 AP1M2 10053
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
2 PF4  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
3 CD36 948
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
4 APOB 338
Invivo Homo sapiens
5 LRPAP1  
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
6 HSPA5 3309
Invivo Homo sapiens
7 APOE 348
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
8 DAB2 1601
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
9 SNX17 9784
Invitro Homo sapiens
Invivo Homo sapiens
10 LDLRAP1  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
11 DAB1 1600
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
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