Gene description for TGM2
Gene name transglutaminase 2
Gene symbol TGM2
Other names/aliases G-ALPHA-h
GNAH
HEL-S-45
TG2
TGC
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - TGM2
ExoCarta ExoCarta_7052
Entrez Gene 7052
HGNC 11778
MIM 190196
UniProt P21980  
 TGM2 identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells 26054723    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Mesenchymal stem cells Unpublished / Not applicable
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Prostate cancer cells 25844599    
Thymus 23844026    
Urine 19056867    
 Gene ontology annotations for TGM2
Molecular Function
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    protein domain specific binding GO:0019904 IEA
    GTP binding GO:0005525 IEA
    metal ion binding GO:0046872 IEA
    protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity GO:0003810 ISS
Biological Process
    positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling GO:0043123 IEA
    isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine GO:0018153 IEA
    positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled signaling pathway GO:0051482 IEA
    negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration GO:0032471 IMP
    blood vessel remodeling GO:0001974 IEA
    positive regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043065 IMP
    protein homooligomerization GO:0051260 IEA
    positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration GO:0051561 IMP
    positive regulation of cell adhesion GO:0045785 ISS
    branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis GO:0060445 IEA
    positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 IEA
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048661 IEA
    salivary gland cavitation GO:0060662 IEA
    apoptotic cell clearance GO:0043277 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    endoplasmic reticulum GO:0005783 IMP
    mitochondrion GO:0005739 IDA
    cytosol GO:0005829 IDA
    focal adhesion GO:0005925 IDA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 IDA
    intrinsic component of plasma membrane GO:0031226 IMP
 Experiment description of studies that identified TGM2 in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 235
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
HSP90B1
EV Negative markers
qNano
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Sample name HKCI-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RT-PCR
RNA Sequencing
2
Experiment ID 259
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name A375M
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 260
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1|CD81
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name 1205Lu
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 126
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry [LTQ-FT Ultra]
PubMed ID Unpublished / Not applicable
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy?
Authors Ruenn Chai Lai, Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo, Soon Sim Tan, Bin Zhang, Yijun Yin, Newman Siu Kwan Sze, Andre Choo, and Sai Kiang Lim
Journal name Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Publication year 2011
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name huES9.E1
Isolation/purification methods HPLC
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Antobody array
Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 211
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 212
ISEV standards
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 275
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|RAB5A
EV Cytosolic markers
CD9|CD82|CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
AIF
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25844599    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel.
Authors Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullen A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T.
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name DU145 - Docetaxel sensitive
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry/Flow cytometry/Western blotting
8
Experiment ID 217
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
CD81|CD9|CD63
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23844026    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization of human thymic exosomes.
Authors Skogberg G, Gudmundsdottir J, van der Post S, Sandstrom K, Bruhn S, Benson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Telemo E, Ekwall O.
Journal name PLoS One
Publication year 2013
Sample Thymus
Sample name Normal-Thymus
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 63
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
AQP2
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
 Protein-protein interactions for TGM2
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 SPARC 6678
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 GSTP1 2950
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
3 TUBB2A 7280
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 ANXA1 301
Invitro Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 KPNA4 3840
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
6 FN1 2335
Invitro Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
7 KPNA3 3839
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 PLCD1 5333
Invivo Homo sapiens
9 RHOA 387
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Invivo Homo sapiens
10 SMAD3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 TGM2 7052
Invitro Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 CASP3 836
Invitro Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 RB1 5925
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which TGM2 is involved
No pathways found





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