Gene description for PRKCA
Gene name protein kinase C, alpha
Gene symbol PRKCA
Other names/aliases AAG6
PKC-alpha
PKCA
PRKACA
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - PRKCA
ExoCarta ExoCarta_5578
Entrez Gene 5578
HGNC 9393
MIM 176960
UniProt P17252  
 PRKCA identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Endothelial cells 26027894    
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells 26054723    
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells 26054723    
Neuroblastoma cells 25944692    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Platelets 25332113    
Platelets 25332113    
Platelets 25332113    
Urine 19056867    
 Gene ontology annotations for PRKCA
Molecular Function
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    protein kinase activity GO:0004672 IDA
    ATP binding GO:0005524 IEA
    protein kinase C activity GO:0004697 ISS
    protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004674 TAS
    calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity GO:0004698 IEA
    histone kinase activity (H3-T6 specific) GO:0035403 IDA
    zinc ion binding GO:0008270 IEA
    enzyme binding GO:0019899 IDA
Biological Process
    chondrocyte differentiation GO:0002062 IEA
    cellular calcium ion homeostasis GO:0006874 IEA
    activation of phospholipase C activity GO:0007202 TAS
    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374 ISS
    negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process GO:0034351 IMP
    positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 IEA
    protein phosphorylation GO:0006468 IDA
    induction of positive chemotaxis GO:0050930 IEA
    platelet activation GO:0030168 TAS
    positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle GO:0045931 IMP
    negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity GO:0007194 ISS
    positive regulation of cell adhesion GO:0045785 IMP
    regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway GO:0022400 TAS
    inactivation of MAPK activity GO:0000188 IEA
    neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway GO:0048011 TAS
    angiogenesis GO:0001525 IEA
    positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway GO:0031666 IMP
    extracellular matrix organization GO:0030198 TAS
    mitotic cell cycle GO:0000278 TAS
    innate immune response GO:0045087 TAS
    negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway GO:0046627 IEA
    positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis GO:2000707 ISS
    blood coagulation GO:0007596 TAS
    fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0008543 TAS
    phototransduction, visible light GO:0007603 TAS
    positive regulation of macrophage differentiation GO:0045651 ISS
    peptidyl-serine autophosphorylation GO:0036289 IEA
    signal transduction GO:0007165 TAS
    cell adhesion GO:0007155 IEA
    regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0050730 IEA
    positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy GO:0010613 ISS
    response to interleukin-1 GO:0070555 IMP
    energy reserve metabolic process GO:0006112 TAS
    positive regulation of endothelial cell migration GO:0010595 IMP
    negative regulation of glucose import GO:0046325 IEA
    positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766 IMP
    vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0048010 TAS
    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway GO:0097193 IEA
    negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285 IEA
    neutrophil chemotaxis GO:0030593 IEA
    desmosome assembly GO:0002159 IMP
    positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration GO:0043536 IDA
    regulation of platelet aggregation GO:0090330 IDA
    positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001938 IMP
    histone H3-T6 phosphorylation GO:0035408 IDA
    activation of adenylate cyclase activity GO:0007190 ISS
    regulation of the force of heart contraction GO:0002026 IEA
    positive regulation of cell migration GO:0030335 IMP
    apoptotic signaling pathway GO:0097190 TAS
    mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly GO:0007077 TAS
    rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway GO:0016056 TAS
    small molecule metabolic process GO:0044281 TAS
    gene expression GO:0010467 TAS
    regulation of insulin secretion GO:0050796 TAS
    epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0007173 TAS
    synaptic transmission GO:0007268 TAS
    cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus GO:0071322 IEA
    regulation of muscle contraction GO:0006937 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    perinuclear region of cytoplasm GO:0048471 ISS
    mitochondrial membrane GO:0031966 IEA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 IDA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    nucleoplasm GO:0005654 TAS
    photoreceptor outer segment GO:0001750 IEA
    apical part of cell GO:0045177 IEA
    mitochondrion GO:0005739 IDA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IDA
    neuronal cell body GO:0043025 IEA
    dendrite GO:0030425 IEA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    endoplasmic reticulum GO:0005783 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified PRKCA in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 226
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
CD9|FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
LMNA|H2AFX|ATP5A1|TOMM20
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method Small RNA sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Solexa)
PubMed ID 26027894    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative and qualitative analysis of small RNAs in human endothelial cells and exosomes provides insights into localized RNA processing, degradation and sorting
Authors Bas W. M. van Balkom, Almut S. Eisele, D. Michiel Pegtel, Sander Bervoets, Marianne C. Verhaar
Journal name Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
Publication year 2015
Sample Endothelial cells
Sample name HMEC-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study miRNA
Protein
snoRNA
lncRNA
yRNA
snRNA
mRNA
ncRNA
mtRNA
vtRNA
scaRNA
lincRNA
Methods used in the study Small RNA sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Solexa)
Western blotting
2
Experiment ID 235
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
HSP90B1
EV Negative markers
qNano
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Sample name HKCI-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RT-PCR
RNA Sequencing
3
Experiment ID 236
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
HSP90B1
EV Negative markers
qNano
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Sample name MHCC97L
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RT-PCR
RNA Sequencing
4
Experiment ID 224
ISEV standards
EM|AFM
EV Biophysical techniques
Alix|TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25944692    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes
Authors Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Neuroblastoma cells
Sample name SH-SY5Y
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
5
Experiment ID 211
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 212
ISEV standards
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 231
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
CD63|CD9
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G.
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Lipids
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 232
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G.
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 233
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G.
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
10
Experiment ID 63
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
AQP2
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
 Protein-protein interactions for PRKCA
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 AVPR1A  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
2 ITGB1 3688
Invivo Homo sapiens
3 PDLIM7 9260
Invitro Homo sapiens
4 YWHAG 7532
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
5 GABRB3 2562
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
6 GSK3B 2932
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
7 YWHAZ 7534
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
8 LMNB1 4001
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
9 AKAP12 9590
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
10 TIAM1  
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
11 EZR 7430
Invivo Homo sapiens
12 RGS2  
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
13 CD9 928
Invivo Homo sapiens
14 EGFR 1956
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
15 DLG4  
Invivo Homo sapiens
16 ADCY5  
Invitro Homo sapiens
17 GJA1 2697
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
18 PLD1 5337
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
19 CDC42 998
Invivo Homo sapiens
20 KLF5  
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
21 GRM7 2917
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
22 OGG1  
Invivo Homo sapiens
23 ACTA1 58
Invitro Homo sapiens
24 AFAP1 60312
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
25 PRKCABP  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
26 HAND1  
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
27 ATP1A1 476
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
28 TP53  
Invivo Homo sapiens
29 HAND2  
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
30 HABP4  
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
31 C1QBP 708
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
32 ITPKB  
Invitro Homo sapiens
33 GNB2L1 10399
Invivo Homo sapiens
34 RAC1 5879
Invivo Homo sapiens
35 SLC1A1 6505
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
36 FSCN1 6624
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
37 RHOA 387
Invivo Homo sapiens
38 LMNA 4000
Invivo Homo sapiens
39 SDPR 8436
Invitro Homo sapiens
40 AVPR2  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
41 PLD2 5338
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
42 AVPR1B  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
43 SCTR  
Invitro Homo sapiens
44 MGMT 4255
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
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