Gene description for HMGA2
Gene name high mobility group AT-hook 2
Gene symbol HMGA2
Other names/aliases BABL
HMGI-C
HMGIC
LIPO
STQTL9
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - HMGA2
ExoCarta ExoCarta_8091
Vesiclepedia VP_8091
Entrez Gene 8091
HGNC 5009
MIM 600698
UniProt P52926  
 HMGA2 identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Breast cancer cells 34108659    
Breast cancer cells 34108659    
Embryonic kidney cells 34108659    
Embryonic kidney cells 34108659    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34108659    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34108659    
 Gene ontology annotations for HMGA2
Molecular Function
    transcription cis-regulatory region binding GO:0000976 IDA
    nucleic acid binding GO:0003676 EXP
    minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding GO:0003680 IDA
    minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding GO:0003680 IMP
    transcription coregulator activity GO:0003712 IBA
    transcription corepressor activity GO:0003714 IDA
    DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity GO:0003906 IDA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    DNA binding, bending GO:0008301 IDA
    DNA binding, bending GO:0008301 IMP
    nucleosomal DNA binding GO:0031492 IDA
    cAMP response element binding GO:0035497 IDA
    MH2 domain binding GO:0035500 IDA
    MH1 domain binding GO:0035501 IDA
    SMAD binding GO:0046332 IPI
    5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity GO:0051575 IDA
    RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding GO:0061629 IPI
    C2H2 zinc finger domain binding GO:0070742 IMP
Biological Process
    negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0000122 IDA
    epithelial to mesenchymal transition GO:0001837 IMP
    chondrocyte differentiation GO:0002062 IDA
    mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling GO:0003131 IMP
    base-excision repair GO:0006284 IDA
    chromatin organization GO:0006325 TAS
    regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0006355 IBA
    regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0006355 IMP
    response to virus GO:0009615 IEP
    regulation of cell cycle process GO:0010564 IDA
    positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 IDA
    chromosome condensation GO:0030261 IEA
    heterochromatin formation GO:0031507 IDA
    intracellular signal transduction GO:0035556 IDA
    endodermal cell differentiation GO:0035987 IMP
    chondrocyte proliferation GO:0035988 IDA
    negative regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043066 IDA
    negative regulation of DNA binding GO:0043392 IDA
    negative regulation of DNA binding GO:0043392 IMP
    negative regulation by host of viral transcription GO:0043922 IDA
    fat cell differentiation GO:0045444 IMP
    positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766 ISS
    negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate GO:0045869 IDA
    negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0045892 IDA
    negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0045892 IMP
    positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0045893 IDA
    positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0045893 IMP
    positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 IDA
    mesodermal cell differentiation GO:0048333 IMP
    mesenchymal cell differentiation GO:0048762 IMP
    stem cell differentiation GO:0048863 IEP
    cell division GO:0051301 IEA
    positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow GO:0071864 ISS
    positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0071902 IDA
    oncogene-induced cell senescence GO:0090402 IDA
    regulation of stem cell population maintenance GO:2000036 IMP
    regulation of stem cell population maintenance GO:2000036 TAS
    positive regulation of stem cell proliferation GO:2000648 IDA
    positive regulation of stem cell proliferation GO:2000648 IMP
    negative regulation of cellular senescence GO:2000773 ISS
    negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining GO:2001033 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    nuclear chromosome GO:0000228 ISS
    nucleus GO:0005634 HDA
    nucleus GO:0005634 IBA
    nucleus GO:0005634 IDA
    nucleoplasm GO:0005654 TAS
    protein-DNA complex GO:0032993 IDA
    senescence-associated heterochromatin focus GO:0035985 IDA
    SMAD protein complex GO:0071141 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified HMGA2 in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 426
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Breast cancer cells
Sample name MDA-MB-231 - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 427
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Breast cancer cells
Sample name MDA-MB-231 - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 419
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 419
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 420
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 420
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 259
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|FLOT1
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors "Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L"
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name A375M
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
9
Experiment ID 211
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
Enriched markers
✔
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors "Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K."
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
10
Experiment ID 212
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
Enriched markers
✔
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors "Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K."
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
11
Experiment ID 434
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1 - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
12
Experiment ID 435
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1 - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for HMGA2
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 E4F1  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Far Western Homo sapiens
2 ALCAM 214
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
3 RELA 5970
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
4 ARHGAP21 57584
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 MECP2 4204
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 HIST2H3PS2 440686
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 PARP2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 USP7 7874
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 TP53 7157
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
10 HIST1H3A 8350
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
11 HDGF 3068
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 NFYA 4800
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
13 JUP 3728
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
14 ARHGAP39  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
15 LMNB1 4001
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
16 CSNK2A2 1459
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 XPC  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
18 RB1 5925
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Far Western Homo sapiens
19 NFATC1 4772
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 HIST1H2BG 8339
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
21 VRK3 51231
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
22 HIST1H2BH 8345
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
23 PRMT6  
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
Far Western Homo sapiens
24 SMAD5 4090
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
25 CSNK2A1 1457
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
26 NDUFAF7  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
27 TOP3A  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
28 PIAS3  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
29 CREB1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
30 HIST1H1B 3009
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
31 SUPV3L1 6832
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
32 SYDE1 85360
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
33 SMAD1 4086
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
34 KPNA4 3840
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
35 VRK1 7443
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
36 SUPT16H 11198
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
37 IGF2BP3 10643
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
38 NFYB  
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
39 RANBP17  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
40 MYC  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
41 SMAD9  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
42 CTNNB1 1499
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
43 PRKCA 5578
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
44 DLST 1743
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
45 TOP1 7150
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
46 KAT2B  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
47 PARP1 142
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
48 NFKB1 4790
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Far Western Homo sapiens
49 POLA1  
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
50 XRCC6 2547
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
51 PCGF1 84759
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
52 NPM1 4869
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
Far Western Homo sapiens
53 POU5F1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
54 OBSL1 23363
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
55 PSMC4 5704
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
56 HMGA1 3159
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
57 LIG3 3980
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
58 RBCK1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
59 C1QBP 708
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
60 Plekhg5  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
61 MDM2  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
62 XRCC5 7520
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
63 HIST2H2AC 8338
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
64 SP2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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