Gene description for MYD88
Gene name myeloid differentiation primary response 88
Gene symbol MYD88
Other names/aliases MYD88D
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - MYD88
ExoCarta ExoCarta_4615
Vesiclepedia VP_4615
Entrez Gene 4615
HGNC 7562
MIM 602170
UniProt Q99836  
 MYD88 identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Thymus 23844026    
 Gene ontology annotations for MYD88
Molecular Function
    Toll binding GO:0005121 IEA
    death receptor binding GO:0005123 TAS
    interleukin-1 receptor binding GO:0005149 IEA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    Toll-like receptor binding GO:0035325 IBA
    signaling adaptor activity GO:0035591 IDA
    identical protein binding GO:0042802 IPI
    molecular adaptor activity GO:0060090 IDA
    TIR domain binding GO:0070976 IPI
    ATP-dependent histone chaperone activity GO:0140674 IEA
Biological Process
    response to molecule of fungal origin GO:0002238 IEA
    leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response GO:0002269 IEA
    neutrophil activation involved in immune response GO:0002283 IEA
    MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway GO:0002755 IEA
    chromatin remodeling GO:0006338 IEA
    phagocytosis GO:0006909 IMP
    apoptotic process GO:0006915 IMP
    signal transduction GO:0007165 NAS
    cell surface receptor signaling pathway GO:0007166 TAS
    JNK cascade GO:0007254 IEA
    Toll signaling pathway GO:0008063 IBA
    induced systemic resistance GO:0009682 IEA
    gene expression GO:0010467 IEA
    positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 ISS
    microglia differentiation GO:0014004 IEA
    response to organic cyclic compound GO:0014070 IEA
    response to amine GO:0014075 IEA
    immunoglobulin mediated immune response GO:0016064 IEA
    lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway GO:0031663 IEA
    positive regulation of type I interferon production GO:0032481 IMP
    response to peptidoglycan GO:0032494 IEA
    positive regulation of chemokine production GO:0032722 IEA
    positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production GO:0032731 IDA
    positive regulation of interleukin-17 production GO:0032740 ISS
    positive regulation of interleukin-23 production GO:0032747 ISS
    positive regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032755 ISS
    positive regulation of interleukin-8 production GO:0032757 IMP
    positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production GO:0032760 IEA
    toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway GO:0034142 IBA
    toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway GO:0034142 IDA
    toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway GO:0034146 IDA
    toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway GO:0034158 IDA
    toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway GO:0038124 IDA
    interleukin-33-mediated signaling pathway GO:0038172 IDA
    defense response to bacterium GO:0042742 IMP
    defense response to protozoan GO:0042832 ISS
    positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction GO:0043123 IEP
    response to amino acid GO:0043200 IEA
    skin development GO:0043588 IEA
    innate immune response GO:0045087 IBA
    response to ethanol GO:0045471 IEA
    positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 IEA
    positive regulation of JNK cascade GO:0046330 IEA
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048661 IEA
    positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation GO:0050671 IEA
    regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050727 ISS
    defense response to Gram-positive bacterium GO:0050830 IBA
    defense response to Gram-positive bacterium GO:0050830 ISS
    positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051092 IMP
    defense response to virus GO:0051607 IDA
    type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway GO:0060337 IMP
    positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production GO:0060907 IEA
    interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway GO:0070498 IDA
    response to interleukin-1 GO:0070555 IMP
    3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization GO:0070935 IDA
    neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium GO:0070944 IEA
    cellular response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0071222 ISS
    cellular response to mechanical stimulus GO:0071260 IEP
    establishment of endothelial intestinal barrier GO:0090557 IEA
    cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus GO:0140052 ISS
    positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response GO:1900017 IMP
    positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response GO:1900017 ISS
    positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly GO:1900227 IMP
    regulation of neutrophil migration GO:1902622 IEA
    regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production GO:2000338 IEA
    regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production GO:2000341 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    nucleus GO:0005634 IDA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IDA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IDA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IBA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IDA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    cell surface GO:0009986 IDA
    endosome membrane GO:0010008 TAS
    extrinsic component of plasma membrane GO:0019897 IDA
    extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane GO:0031234 IDA
    protein-containing complex GO:0032991 IEA
 Experiment description of studies that identified MYD88 in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 489
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 6
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
2
Experiment ID 490
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 7
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
3
Experiment ID 491
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
4
Experiment ID 492
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 9
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
5
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
6
Experiment ID 217
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|CD81|CD9|CD63
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23844026    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization of human thymic exosomes.
Authors "Skogberg G, Gudmundsdottir J, van der Post S, Sandstrom K, Bruhn S, Benson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Telemo E, Ekwall O."
Journal name PLoS One
Publication year 2013
Sample Thymus
Sample name Normal-Thymus
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for MYD88
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 SIAH1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
2 TSG101 7251
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
3 SYK 6850
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
4 RAC1 5879
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
5 IRAK2  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Phenotypic Suppression Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 CBLB 868
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
7 ARMCX6  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 SPOP  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
9 SASH1 23328
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
10 GLOD4 51031
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 UBAP1 51271
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
12 CYLD  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
13 IRF4  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
14 SIAH2 6478
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
15 USP7 7874
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
16 POLR1C 9533
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
17 IL1R1 3554
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
18 TLR5  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
19 SARM1 23098
PCA Homo sapiens
20 HDAC6 10013
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
21 IRAK4 51135
PCA Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
PCA Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
22 PRDX1 5052
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
23 IKBKG 8517
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
24 Il1rap 16180
Affinity Capture-Western Mus musculus
25 TRAF6 7189
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
Phenotypic Suppression Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
26 SMURF1 57154
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
27 SQSTM1 8878
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
28 APRT 353
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
29 IRAK1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Phenotypic Suppression Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
30 SPOPL  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
31 CYTH2 9266
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
32 IL1RAP 3556
Phenotypic Suppression Homo sapiens
33 STAP2 55620
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
34 MAP3K7  
Phenotypic Suppression Homo sapiens
35 TRAF3 7187
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
36 MAL  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
37 FADD 8772
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
38 TLR9  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
39 IRF7  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
FRET Homo sapiens
40 LRRFIP2 9209
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
41 MBIP  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
42 PFKL 5211
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
43 LRRFIP1 9208
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
44 IRF5  
FRET Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
45 PELI1 57162
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
46 WDYHV1  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
47 TNIP1 10318
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
48 TLR3  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
49 MYD88 4615
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
50 TXN 7295
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
51 CISH  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
PCA Homo sapiens
52 TLR2 7097
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
53 CD93  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
54 FLII 2314
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
55 SMAD6  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
56 BTK 695
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
57 PLEKHA4 57664
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
58 TLR7  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
59 BANK1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
60 TLR4  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Phenotypic Suppression Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
PCA Homo sapiens
PCA Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
61 SMAD3 4088
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
62 IRAK3 11213
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
63 IKBKE 9641
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
64 MDM2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
65 IL1RL1 9173
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
66 TIRAP  
Phenotypic Suppression Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
PCA Homo sapiens
PCA Homo sapiens
PCA Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
PCA Homo sapiens
PCA Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
67 BST2 684
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
68 ZNF35  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
69 TNFRSF13B  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which MYD88 is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Adaptive Immune System TAS Reactome
Antigen processing-Cross presentation TAS Reactome
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation TAS Reactome
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system TAS Reactome
Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA TAS Reactome
Death Receptor Signaling TAS Reactome
Death Receptor Signaling IEA Reactome
DEx/H-box helicases activate type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines production TAS Reactome
Disease TAS Reactome
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade TAS Reactome
Diseases of Immune System TAS Reactome
ER-Phagosome pathway TAS Reactome
Immune System TAS Reactome
Innate Immune System TAS Reactome
Interleukin-1 family signaling TAS Reactome
Interleukin-1 signaling TAS Reactome
Intracellular signaling by second messengers TAS Reactome
IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4) TAS Reactome
IRAK4 deficiency (TLR5) TAS Reactome
MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane TAS Reactome
MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4) TAS Reactome
MyD88 deficiency (TLR5) TAS Reactome
MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome TAS Reactome
MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane TAS Reactome
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network TAS Reactome
p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling TAS Reactome
p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling IEA Reactome
p75NTR recruits signalling complexes TAS Reactome
p75NTR recruits signalling complexes IEA Reactome
p75NTR signals via NF-kB TAS Reactome
p75NTR signals via NF-kB IEA Reactome
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling TAS Reactome
PIP3 activates AKT signaling TAS Reactome
RIP-mediated NFkB activation via ZBP1 TAS Reactome
Signal Transduction TAS Reactome
Signal Transduction IEA Reactome
Signaling by Interleukins TAS Reactome
Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade TAS Reactome
Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade TAS Reactome
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade TAS Reactome
Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade TAS Reactome
Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade TAS Reactome
Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade TAS Reactome
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade TAS Reactome
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade TAS Reactome
Toll-like Receptor Cascades TAS Reactome
TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation TAS Reactome
TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation in TLR7/8 or 9 signaling TAS Reactome
ZBP1(DAI) mediated induction of type I IFNs TAS Reactome





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