Gene description for ACTN2
Gene name actinin, alpha 2
Gene symbol ACTN2
Other names/aliases CMD1AA
CMH23
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - ACTN2
ExoCarta ExoCarta_88
Vesiclepedia VP_88
Entrez Gene 88
HGNC 164
MIM 102573
UniProt P35609  
 ACTN2 identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Colorectal cancer cells 17956143    
Mesenchymal stem cells Unpublished / Not applicable
Neuroblastoma cells 25944692    
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
Squamous carcinoma cells 20124223    
 Gene ontology annotations for ACTN2
Molecular Function
    integrin binding GO:0005178 TAS
    calcium ion binding GO:0005509 IEA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding GO:0005546 IDA
    cytoskeletal protein binding GO:0008092 IDA
    structural constituent of muscle GO:0008307 TAS
    protein domain specific binding GO:0019904 IPI
    LIM domain binding GO:0030274 IEA
    nuclear receptor coactivator activity GO:0030374 IEA
    titin binding GO:0031432 IPI
    identical protein binding GO:0042802 IPI
    transmembrane transporter binding GO:0044325 IPI
    actin filament binding GO:0051015 IBA
    FATZ binding GO:0051373 IDA
    titin Z domain binding GO:0070080 IMP
    titin Z domain binding GO:0070080 IPI
    structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton GO:0098973 IEA
Biological Process
    cell adhesion GO:0007155 TAS
    microspike assembly GO:0030035 IDA
    actin cytoskeleton organization GO:0030036 IBA
    regulation of membrane potential GO:0042391 IMP
    regulation of apoptotic process GO:0042981 NAS
    negative regulation of potassium ion transport GO:0043267 IMP
    positive regulation of potassium ion transport GO:0043268 IDA
    sarcomere organization GO:0045214 IMP
    positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0045893 IEA
    focal adhesion assembly GO:0048041 IMP
    actin filament uncapping GO:0051695 IMP
    muscle cell development GO:0055001 IBA
    cardiac muscle cell development GO:0055013 IEA
    protein localization to plasma membrane GO:0072659 IMP
    phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway GO:0086097 IMP
    postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization GO:0098974 IEA
    negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity GO:1901017 IMP
    positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity GO:1901018 IDA
    negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface GO:2000009 IMP
    positive regulation of endocytic recycling GO:2001137 IMP
    positive regulation of cation channel activity GO:2001259 IMP
Subcellular Localization
    extracellular region GO:0005576 TAS
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    cytoskeleton GO:0005856 NAS
    actin filament GO:0005884 TAS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IDA
    focal adhesion GO:0005925 IMP
    Z disc GO:0030018 IBA
    Z disc GO:0030018 IDA
    cell junction GO:0030054 IBA
    filopodium GO:0030175 IDA
    cortical actin cytoskeleton GO:0030864 IBA
    platelet alpha granule lumen GO:0031093 TAS
    pseudopodium GO:0031143 TAS
    cell projection GO:0042995 IBA
    dendritic spine GO:0043197 TAS
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 HDA
    postsynaptic density membrane GO:0098839 IEA
    postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton GO:0098871 IEA
    glutamatergic synapse GO:0098978 IEA
    postsynaptic density, intracellular component GO:0099092 IEA
 Experiment description of studies that identified ACTN2 in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 20
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
HSP90|CD63|CD81|LAMP1
Enriched markers
✔
GOLGA2|cytochrome c
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 17956143    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of microvesicles derived from human colorectal cancer cells.
Authors "Choi DS, Lee JM, Park GW, Lim HW, Bang JY, Kim YK, Kwon KH, Kwon HJ, Kim KP, Gho YS"
Journal name JPR
Publication year 2007
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name HT29
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Diafiltration
Flotation density 1.16 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
2
Experiment ID 126
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
GAPDH
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry [LTQ-FT Ultra]
PubMed ID Unpublished / Not applicable
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy?
Authors "Ruenn Chai Lai, Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo, Soon Sim Tan, Bin Zhang, Yijun Yin, Newman Siu Kwan Sze, Andre Choo, and Sai Kiang Lim"
Journal name Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Publication year 2011
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name huES9.E1
Isolation/purification methods HPLC
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Antobody array
Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 224
MISEV standards
✔
EM|AFM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81
Enriched markers
✔
GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25944692    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes
Authors "Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S"
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Neuroblastoma cells
Sample name SH-SY5Y
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
4
Experiment ID 834
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
LAMP2|CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors "Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P"
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 835
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors "Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P"
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 191
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|CD81|CD9
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20124223    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hypoxic tumor cell modulates its microenvironment to enhance angiogenic and metastatic potential by secretion of proteins and exosomes.
Authors "Park JE, Tan HS, Datta A, Lai RC, Zhang H, Meng W, Lim SK, Sze SK."
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2010
Sample Squamous carcinoma cells
Sample name Squamous carcinoma cell (A431)
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for ACTN2
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 SUMO3 6612
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 PSME2 5721
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
3 PPP1CB 5500
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
4 QARS 5859
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
5 COIL  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
6 TPM2 7169
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
7 MYPN 84665
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
8 KIF20A 10112
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 MRPL10 124995
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
10 MYOZ2 51778
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
11 SPA17  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
12 RTP5  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
13 GOLGA7 51125
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
14 ZNF446  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
15 NR1I2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
16 TCTEX1D2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
17 MYH6 4624
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
18 Fbxo32  
Two-hybrid Mus musculus
19 PRC1 9055
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 KATNAL2 83473
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
21 KCNN2  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
22 CRADD  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
23 NME2 4831
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
24 PDLIM1 9124
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
25 KIF14 9928
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
26 FAM154A  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
27 ATXN2 6311
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
28 ADAM12 8038
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
29 CHMP4C 92421
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
30 TOLLIP 54472
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
31 SRP9 6726
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
32 MOS 4342
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
33 PDLIM3 27295
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
34 ITGB3BP  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
35 Tuba1a 22142
Two-hybrid Mus musculus
36 ANGPTL7 10218
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
37 RPL35 11224
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
38 CHMP4B 128866
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
39 LDB3  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
40 GATA3  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
41 ACTN4 81
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
42 FBXL22  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
43 YWHAQ 10971
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
44 MYH3 4621
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
45 MYH4  
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
46 SP100 6672
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
47 MYH2  
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
48 ANLN 54443
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
49 DISC1 27185
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
50 ACTN1 87
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
51 PSMA3 5684
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
52 MYH8 4626
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
53 ECT2 1894
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
54 FAM50B  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
55 NCAPH2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
56 NOS3  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
57 DLG1 1739
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
58 SYNPO2  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
59 MYOZ1  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
60 DLG4  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
61 ACTN3 89
Far Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Far Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
62 BRMS1L  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
63 CD27  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
64 TPM1 7168
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
65 CLEC4D  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
66 GRIN2B  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
67 ACTN2 88
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
68 PSMB5 5693
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
69 MYH7 4625
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
70 HIST1H4I 8294
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
71 ZC2HC1C  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
72 TPM4 7171
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
73 MED14  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
74 KCNA5  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
75 GSTT1 2952
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
76 TPM3 7170
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
77 PLEKHA4 57664
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
78 SNAI1  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
79 CRABP2 1382
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
80 KAT2B  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
81 ATXN7  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
82 HSPB1 3315
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
83 MYH1  
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
84 DDX58 23586
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
85 ATP5G1  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
86 SSSCA1 10534
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
87 TNN 63923
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
88 NRIP1 8204
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
89 SNW1 22938
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
90 GNB2L1 10399
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
91 MICALL2 79778
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
92 TNNI1 7135
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which ACTN2 is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Activation of NMDA receptors and postsynaptic events IEA Reactome
Activation of NMDA receptors and postsynaptic events TAS Reactome
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors IEA Reactome
Cell-Cell communication IEA Reactome
CREB1 phosphorylation through NMDA receptor-mediated activation of RAS signaling IEA Reactome
Hemostasis TAS Reactome
Long-term potentiation IEA Reactome
MAPK family signaling cascades TAS Reactome
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling TAS Reactome
Muscle contraction TAS Reactome
Negative regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal transmission IEA Reactome
Nephrin family interactions IEA Reactome
Neuronal System IEA Reactome
Neuronal System TAS Reactome
Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission IEA Reactome
Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission TAS Reactome
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation TAS Reactome
Platelet degranulation TAS Reactome
Post NMDA receptor activation events IEA Reactome
RAF/MAP kinase cascade TAS Reactome
Ras activation upon Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptor IEA Reactome
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ TAS Reactome
Signal Transduction TAS Reactome
Striated Muscle Contraction TAS Reactome
Transmission across Chemical Synapses IEA Reactome
Transmission across Chemical Synapses TAS Reactome
Unblocking of NMDA receptors, glutamate binding and activation TAS Reactome
Unblocking of NMDA receptors, glutamate binding and activation IEA Reactome





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