Gene description for FGG
Gene name fibrinogen gamma chain
Gene symbol FGG
Other names/aliases -
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - FGG
ExoCarta ExoCarta_2266
Entrez Gene 2266
HGNC 3694
MIM 134850
UniProt P02679  
 FGG identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells 26054723    
Hepatocytes 26054723    
Malignant pleural effusions 14975938    
Mesenchymal stem cells Unpublished / Not applicable
Plasma 19028452    
Platelets 25332113    
Platelets 25332113    
Platelets 25332113    
Prostate cancer cells 25844599    
Synovial fluid 17133577    
Synovial fluid 17133577    
Thymus 23844026    
Urine 19056867    
 Gene ontology annotations for FGG
Molecular Function
    cell adhesion molecule binding GO:0050839 IPI
    structural molecule activity GO:0005198 IDA
    protein binding, bridging GO:0030674 IEA
    metal ion binding GO:0046872 IEA
    receptor binding GO:0005102 IPI
Biological Process
    negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors GO:1902042 IDA
    cell-matrix adhesion GO:0007160 IDA
    positive regulation of exocytosis GO:0045921 IDA
    extracellular matrix organization GO:0030198 TAS
    response to calcium ion GO:0051592 IDA
    protein polymerization GO:0051258 IMP
    positive regulation of protein secretion GO:0050714 IDA
    positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion GO:0034116 IDA
    positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion GO:0090277 IDA
    signal transduction GO:0007165 IEA
    platelet aggregation GO:0070527 IDA
    platelet degranulation GO:0002576 TAS
    blood coagulation GO:0007596 TAS
    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374 IDA
    positive regulation of vasoconstriction GO:0045907 IDA
    negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:2000352 IDA
    positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading GO:1900026 NAS
    cellular protein complex assembly GO:0043623 IDA
    platelet activation GO:0030168 TAS
Subcellular Localization
    external side of plasma membrane GO:0009897 IDA
    platelet alpha granule lumen GO:0031093 TAS
    cell surface GO:0009986 IDA
    extracellular region GO:0005576 TAS
    fibrinogen complex GO:0005577 IDA
    blood microparticle GO:0072562 IDA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    platelet alpha granule GO:0031091 IDA
    cell cortex GO:0005938 IEA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified FGG in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 234
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✔
HSP90B1
EV Negative markers
✔
qNano
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Sample name HKCI-C3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RT-PCR
RNA Sequencing
2
Experiment ID 237
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✔
HSP90B1
EV Negative markers
✔
qNano
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocytes
Sample name MIHA
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA Sequencing
3
Experiment ID 51
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
HSP90
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
MHCII
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 14975938    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes isolated from human malignant pleural effusions.
Authors Bard MP, Hegmans JP, Hemmes A, Luider TM, Willemsen R, Severijnen LA, van Meerbeeck JP, Burgers SA, Hoogsteden HC, Lambrecht BN
Journal name AJRCMB
Publication year 2004
Sample Malignant pleural effusions
Sample name Pleural Fluid - Breast cancer
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [MALDI TOF]
Western blotting
4
Experiment ID 126
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry [LTQ-FT Ultra]
PubMed ID Unpublished / Not applicable
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy?
Authors Ruenn Chai Lai, Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo, Soon Sim Tan, Bin Zhang, Yijun Yin, Newman Siu Kwan Sze, Andre Choo, and Sai Kiang Lim
Journal name Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Publication year 2011
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name huES9.E1
Isolation/purification methods HPLC
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Antobody array
Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 44
ISEV standards
✔
IEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19028452    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic profiling of human plasma exosomes identifies PPARgamma as an exosome-associated protein.
Authors Looze C, Yui D, Leung L, Ingham M, Kaler M, Yao X, Wu WW, Shen RF, Daniels MP, Levine SJ
Journal name BBRC
Publication year 2009
Sample Plasma
Sample name Plasma
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Size exclusion
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.15-1.16 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
Immunoelectron Microscopy
6
Experiment ID 231
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD63|CD9
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G.
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Lipids
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 232
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G.
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 233
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G.
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 275
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|RAB5A
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD9|CD82|CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
✔
AIF
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25844599    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel.
Authors Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullen A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T.
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name DU145 - Docetaxel sensitive
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry/Flow cytometry/Western blotting
10
Experiment ID 62
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 17133577    
Organism Mus musculus
Experiment description Association of citrullinated proteins with synovial exosomes.
Authors Skriner K, Adolph K, Jungblut PR, Burmester GR
Journal name AR
Publication year 2006
Sample Synovial fluid
Sample name Synovial fluid - Rheumatoid arthritis
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Immunoelectron Microscopy
Mass spectrometry [MALDI TOF]
Western blotting
11
Experiment ID 61
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 17133577    
Organism Mus musculus
Experiment description Association of citrullinated proteins with synovial exosomes.
Authors Skriner K, Adolph K, Jungblut PR, Burmester GR
Journal name AR
Publication year 2006
Sample Synovial fluid
Sample name Synovial fluid - Osteoarthritis and reactive arthritis
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Immunoelectron Microscopy
Mass spectrometry [MALDI TOF]
Western blotting
12
Experiment ID 217
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD81|CD9|CD63
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23844026    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization of human thymic exosomes.
Authors Skogberg G, Gudmundsdottir J, van der Post S, Sandstrom K, Bruhn S, Benson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Telemo E, Ekwall O.
Journal name PLoS One
Publication year 2013
Sample Thymus
Sample name Normal-Thymus
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
13
Experiment ID 63
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Cytosolic markers
✔
AQP2
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
 Protein-protein interactions for FGG
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 VTN 7448
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 SERPINA5 5104
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 F13B  
Invitro Homo sapiens
4 FGB 2244
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
5 F13A1 2162
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 FGG 2266
Invitro Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 ITGAM 3684
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invivo Homo sapiens
8 FGA 2243
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
9 ICAM1 3383
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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