Gene description for SLC44A2
Gene name solute carrier family 44 (choline transporter), member 2
Gene symbol SLC44A2
Other names/aliases CTL2
PP1292
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - SLC44A2
ExoCarta ExoCarta_57153
Entrez Gene 57153
HGNC 17292
MIM 606106
UniProt Q8IWA5  
 SLC44A2 identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
B cells 20458337    
B cells 20458337    
B cells 20458337    
Bladder cancer cells 20224111    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Mesenchymal stem cells Unpublished / Not applicable
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Platelets 25332113    
Platelets 25332113    
Platelets 25332113    
Prostate cancer cells 25844599    
Squamous carcinoma cells 20124223    
Thymus 23844026    
Urine 15326289    
Urine 19056867    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 22418980    
Urine 22418980    
 Gene ontology annotations for SLC44A2
Molecular Function
    signal transducer activity GO:0004871 IMP
    choline transmembrane transporter activity GO:0015220 TAS
Biological Process
    transmembrane transport GO:0055085 TAS
    small molecule metabolic process GO:0044281 TAS
    phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process GO:0006656 TAS
    phospholipid metabolic process GO:0006644 TAS
    choline transport GO:0015871 TAS
    glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process GO:0046474 TAS
    positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling GO:0043123 IMP
    signal transduction GO:0007165 IMP
Subcellular Localization
    integral component of membrane GO:0016021 TAS
    lysosomal membrane GO:0005765 IDA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified SLC44A2 in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 79
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
CD81|MHCII
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20458337    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and potential functional implications for exosome biogenesis - Sample 1
Authors Buschow SI, van Balkom BW, Aalberts M, Heck AJ, Wauben M, Stoorvogel W.
Journal name ICB
Publication year 2010
Sample B cells
Sample name RN (HLA-DR15)
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Immunobeads (MHC Class II)
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [FT-ICR]
Western blotting
2
Experiment ID 80
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
CD81|MHCII
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20458337    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and potential functional implications for exosome biogenesis -Sample 2
Authors Buschow SI, van Balkom BW, Aalberts M, Heck AJ, Wauben M, Stoorvogel W.
Journal name ICB
Publication year 2010
Sample B cells
Sample name RN (HLA-DR15)
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Immunobeads (MHC Class II)
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [FT-ICR]
Western blotting
3
Experiment ID 81
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
CD81|MHCII
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20458337    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and potential functional implications for exosome biogenesis - Sample 3
Authors Buschow SI, van Balkom BW, Aalberts M, Heck AJ, Wauben M, Stoorvogel W.
Journal name ICB
Publication year 2010
Sample B cells
Sample name RN (HLA-DR15)
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Immunobeads (MHC Class II)
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [FT-ICR]
Western blotting
4
Experiment ID 76
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|GAPDH|HSP90
EV Cytosolic markers
CD81|CD9|CD63|LAMP1|MHCI
EV Membrane markers
HSP90B1
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20224111    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomics analysis of bladder cancer exosomes.
Authors Welton JL, Khanna S, Giles PJ, Brennan P, Brewis IA, Staffurth J, Mason MD, Clayton A.
Journal name MCP
Publication year 2010
Sample Bladder cancer cells
Sample name HT1376
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [MALDI TOF/TOF]
Western blotting
FACS
5
Experiment ID 207
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
VDAC
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DKO-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 208
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
VDAC
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name Dks-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 209
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
VDAC
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DLD-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 259
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name A375M
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 260
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1|CD81
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name 1205Lu
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
10
Experiment ID 126
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry [LTQ-FT Ultra]
PubMed ID Unpublished / Not applicable
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy?
Authors Ruenn Chai Lai, Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo, Soon Sim Tan, Bin Zhang, Yijun Yin, Newman Siu Kwan Sze, Andre Choo, and Sai Kiang Lim
Journal name Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Publication year 2011
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name huES9.E1
Isolation/purification methods HPLC
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Antobody array
Mass spectrometry
11
Experiment ID 211
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
12
Experiment ID 212
ISEV standards
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
13
Experiment ID 231
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
CD63|CD9
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G.
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Lipids
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
14
Experiment ID 232
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G.
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
15
Experiment ID 233
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G.
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
16
Experiment ID 275
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|RAB5A
EV Cytosolic markers
CD9|CD82|CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
AIF
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25844599    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel.
Authors Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullen A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T.
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name DU145 - Docetaxel sensitive
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry/Flow cytometry/Western blotting
17
Experiment ID 191
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
CD81|CD9
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20124223    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hypoxic tumor cell modulates its microenvironment to enhance angiogenic and metastatic potential by secretion of proteins and exosomes.
Authors Park JE, Tan HS, Datta A, Lai RC, Zhang H, Meng W, Lim SK, Sze SK.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2010
Sample Squamous carcinoma cells
Sample name Squamous carcinoma cell (A431)
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
18
Experiment ID 217
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
CD81|CD9|CD63
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23844026    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization of human thymic exosomes.
Authors Skogberg G, Gudmundsdottir J, van der Post S, Sandstrom K, Bruhn S, Benson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Telemo E, Ekwall O.
Journal name PLoS One
Publication year 2013
Sample Thymus
Sample name Normal-Thymus
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
19
Experiment ID 13
ISEV standards
IEM
EV Biophysical techniques
Alix|RAB4|RAB5B|RAB11|TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
CD9|AQP2|AQP1
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 15326289    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine.
Authors Pisitkun T, Shen RF, Knepper MA
Journal name PNAS
Publication year 2004
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LCQ DECA XP]
Western blotting
20
Experiment ID 63
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
AQP2
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
21
Experiment ID 193
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
CD63|CD9
EV Membrane markers
PHB
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
22
Experiment ID 194
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of basement membrane nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
23
Experiment ID 195
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of early IgA nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
24
Experiment ID 196
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
Alix|TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
CD9
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22418980    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description A multiplex quantitative proteomics strategy for protein biomarker studies in urinary exosomes.
Authors Raj DA, Fiume I, Capasso G, Pocsfalvi G.
Journal name Kidney Int
Publication year 2012
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal high density
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose cushion
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
25
Experiment ID 197
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
Alix|TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
CD9
EV Membrane markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22418980    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description A multiplex quantitative proteomics strategy for protein biomarker studies in urinary exosomes.
Authors Raj DA, Fiume I, Capasso G, Pocsfalvi G.
Journal name Kidney Int
Publication year 2012
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal low density
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose cushion
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for SLC44A2
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
No interactions are found.



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